Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+/NADH) along with its phosphorylated form (NADP+/NADPH) are two molecules ubiquitously present in all organisms, and they play key roles as cofactors in fundamental catabolic and anabolic processes, respectively.The oxidation of NADPH to NADP+ initiates a cascade of reactions, where a network of molecules is i
The ability to adapt to adverse conditions permits many bacterial species to be virtually ubiquitous and survive in a variety of ecological niches.This ability is of particular importance for many plant pathogenic bacteria that should be able to exist, except for their host plants, in different environments e.g.soil, water, insect-vectors etc.Under
In this research a system for Arabic word segmentation into letters and recognition has been designed by dividing it into five groups (plosives, fricatives, nasals, glide and semi-vowel sounds) based on articulatory phonetics.This system include four main luau thank you cards stages: Stage one: Endpoint algorithm has been used to identify the begin
The morphology of the joint surface is multi-scale, and it can be divided into first-order asperity (waviness) and second-order asperity (unevenness).At present, the joint roughness characterization formula considers only the morphology contribution of waviness and unevenness components and does not fully consider their mechanical contribution.At s